Research Interests The precise mechanisms by which HIV-1 causes immunodeficiency remain to be determined and Dr. Reinhart’s lab is focusing on these issues. We have become very interested in the roles played by chemokines in HIV-1 pathogenesis, using the related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) as a model system. The extent to which virus is replicating in multiple anatomic compartments, including lymphoid, lung, brain, and intestinal tissues, is an important parameter Dr. Reinhart’s lab is examining directly in host tissues. We are examining the pathologic and genetic changes that occur in these important tissues during the development of immunodeficiency, hoping to identify targets against which novel therapeutic strategies could be developed. Through gene expression profiling analyses, we have identified chemokines as some of the most differentially expressed genes in tissues during SIV infection. Chemokines are small proteins secreted by cells to recruit other specific cell types to that local environment. We are looking directly in tissues using histopathologic approaches to determine which cells differentially express the chemokines and how this affects the local tissues, and are developing additional methods to quantitate changes in gene expression. We have recently begun a study, in collaboration with Dr. JoAnne Flynn, to examine the roles of chemokines and other soluble immunological mediators in the formation of dense cellular structures called granulomas during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.   Selected Publications Qin S, Sui Y, Soloff AC, Junecko BA, Kirschner DE, Murphey-Corb MA, Watkins SC, Tarwater PM, Pease JE, Barratt-Boyes SM, Reinhart TA. Chemokine and cytokine mediated loss of regulatory T cells in lymph nodes during pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection. J Immunol. 2008 Apr 15;180(8):5530-6. Rappocciolo G, Hensler HR, Jais M, Reinhart TA, Pegu A, Jenkins FJ, Rinaldo CR. Human herpesvirus 8 infects and replicates in primary cultures of activated B lymphocytes through DC-SIGN. J Virol. 2008 May;82(10):4793-806. Pegu A, Qin S, Fallert Junecko BA, Nisato RE, Pepper MS, Reinhart TA. Human lymphatic endothelial cells express multiple functional TLRs. J Immunol. 2008 Mar 1;180(5):3399-405. Verzijl D, Storelli S, Scholten DJ, Bosch L,Reinhart TA, Streblow DN, Tensen CP, Fitzsimons CP, Zaman GJ, Pease JE, de Esch IJ, Smit MJ, Leurs R. Noncompetitive antagonism and inverse agonism as mechanism of action of nonpeptidergic antagonists at primate and rodent CXCR3 chemokine receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 May;325(2):544-55. Aujla SJ, Chan YR, Zheng M, Fei M, Askew DJ, Pociask DA, Reinhart TA, McAllister F, Edeal J, Gaus K, Husain S, Kreindler JL, Dubin PJ, Pilewski JM, Myerburg MM, Mason CA, Iwakura Y, Kolls JK. IL-22 mediates mucosal host defense against Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):275-81. Complete Publication Listing   Grant Support NIH/NIAID: Chemokine modulation during SIV infection and AIDS. Role: Principal Investigator NIH/NHLBI: Latent and reactivation tuberculosis. (PI: Flynn) Role: Co-Principal Investigator NIH/NIAID: Defense against biowarfare and emerging infection agents. (PI: M. Levine) Role: Co-Principal Investigator NIH/NHLBI: IL-23/IL-17 and lung host defense. (PI: J. Kolls) Role: Co-Principal Investigator   Other Links http://www.idm.pitt.edu/faculty/reinhart.html University of Pittsburgh

Todd A Reinhart, Sc.D., Assistant Professor Office:  606 Parran Hall Lab:710 Parran Hall Phone:412-648-2341 Fax: 412-624-4873 reinhar@pitt.edu   Academic Affiliations Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology   Education 1986 B.S. Biology Hamline University St. Paul, MN 1992 Sc.D. Cancer Biology Harvard University Boston, MA Postdoctoral University of Minnesota; GlaxoWellcome Medicines Research Centre